by Emily Skelton
 Rich in a diversity of fresh vegetables, the Asian diet is as nutritious as it is flavorful. Seeds of Change is happy to offer twenty-seven varieties of vegetables commonly used in Asian cuisine. To help you integrate these vegetables into your garden plans we have compiled an easy-to-use chart describing these varieties with information on when to plant and harvest, and how to sow.
While all of these Asian varieties have distinct nutritional attributes, the mustard greens (Brassica juncea) are the most packed with nutrition. Furthermore, mustard greens, as well as many other Asian vegetables, are easy to grow and often produce quickly so that you can start enjoying them in as few as twenty days. If within hours of harvesting them, you just barely blanch or lightly steam the greens, as is traditional in much of Asia, most of the superior nutritional qualities remain intact. Mustard greens have high amounts of vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, fiber, and calcium to name a few. Vitamins A and C are well known antioxidants that work to eliminate free radicals in the body, which are known to cause cell damage and are linked with many diseases. Mustard oils contain glucosinolates, which appear to reduce the risk of certain cancers by helping the liver perform its detoxification processes (see www.whfoods.org "Mustard Greens").

Chart courtesy of www.whfoods.com
Direct Seeding Asian Greens in the Garden Bed
 In Elliot Coleman's book Four Season Harvest, he notes that Tatsoi Spoon Mustard is one of the most cold hardy and the easiest of all the greens he has grown. He recommends direct seeding it in the garden in early fall or late summer, covering it with a good row cover and then harvesting all winter (in zone 5). Also good for this method is Chinese cabbage, the other mustard greens, Chinese carrot, Daikon radish and Komatsuna. Direct seed these hardy vegetables one inch apart in good garden soil and then thin and eat as they grow. The final spacing for a good-size plant is approximately eight inches (four inches for radish and carrot). See chart below for how to plant, when to plant, days to harvest, and other details.
Asian Greens in a Container
In The Bountiful Container, Nichols and Stuckey have a great idea for a porch container garden of Chinese vegetables. They recommend a large container with a trellis for snow peas at the back. For the trellis, use strips of wood or bamboo and cover with either a fine wire mesh or string. In one corner of the container, plant garlic chives, which are a perennial and will keep growing year round. Direct seed mustard greens and Chinese cabbage, one seed every inch and then thin and eat the baby greens, leaving mature plants around eight inches apart. Outside leaves can be harvested off of larger plants allowing the center rosette to continue growth. Also, seeding every week or so for several weeks will continue your harvest over time. Nichols and Stuckey suggest planting them for harvest during cold weather, as greens in general tend to bolt (go to seed) during hot weather. Once it gets too hot for the greens, clear your container and plant warm weather crops such as Japanese Pickling eggplant, Purple and Green Shiso, Mung beans and Shungiku Edible chrysanthemum.
| Seeds of Change cultivars |
When to plant |
How to plant |
Days to harvest from seed |
Details |
| key: LC–okay in large container (1/2 wine barrel or larger) or in garden bed, SC–okay in a small container (12-24 inches), DS–direct seed in garden bed, TP–transplant |
| Burdock (Arctium lappa) |
| Takinogawa Gobo |
early spring, late fall |
DS only (soak seeds 12 hours) |
110–130 |
rare medicinal, young roots eaten in salads like radishes or use in stir fries |
| Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) |
| China Choy |
early spring or late summer, 3 wks before frost |
DS or start indoors 3 wks before TP |
65–75 |
thick stalks, dark green leaves, loose head (lc) |
| Market Pride |
6-8 wks before frost for late fall harvest |
start indoors 3 wks before TP |
65-75 |
napa-style cabbage, pure white heart. mature heads weigh 4 pounds (lc) |
| Tai Sai |
spring or early autumn |
DS or start indoors 2 wks before TP |
50–60 |
non-heading, leafy bok choy-type, delicate taste, longer, whiter stalks than most other bok choys (lc) |
| Carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus) |
| Japanese Imperial Long |
spring, after frost or late summer |
DS only |
90–100 |
deep orange, extra long |
| Corn (Zea mays) |
| Chires Baby |
after frost |
DS only |
75–85 |
miniature corn for stir frying or pickling |
| Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) |
| Satsuki Madori |
after frost |
DS or LC w/ trellis |
60–70 |
rare asian variety, long, slender fruit (lc trellis) |
| Suyo Long |
after frost |
DS or LC w/ trellis |
60–70 |
chinese variety, long curved fruit, spiny skin, sweet (lc trellis) |
| Eggplant (Solanum melongena) |
| Japanese Pickling |
after frost |
TP, start indoors 4–6 wks before |
70–75 |
Early maturing variety, long, slender, slightly curved, purple fruit (10-16 inches) (LC) |
| Garlic (Allium sativum) |
| Shantung Purple var. Turban |
6–8 weeks before first frost |
DS cloves |
10 months |
Distinctive Chinese variety, earthy flavor, moderate heat, softneck, short storage |
| Gourmet Greens |
| Komatsuna (Brassica rapa) |
Early spring/Late summer |
DS |
30–40 |
Good for salad when small or braising when large (SC) |
| Shungiku Edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) |
Spring |
DS or TP |
45–80 |
Flowers & leaves for garnish, salads, flavoring in soups (SC) |
| Herbs (Perilla frutescens) |
| Green Shiso (Beefsteak Plant) |
Spring |
TP start indoors 4 wks before |
80 |
Ruffled, green, fragrant leaves (SC) |
| Purple Shiso |
Spring |
TP start indoors 4 wks before |
80 |
Purple, fragrant leaves can be used in teas, as a garnish, or to color Daikon radishes & umeboshi plums (SC) |
| Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea) |
| Green Wave, Osaka Purple, Purple Wave |
Spring |
DS |
20–25 baby 40–50 mature |
Spicy, hot, Robust, use baby size in salads & larger leaves in stir fry (SC) |
| Mizspoona, Mizuna, Tatsoi Spoon |
Early Spring/Early Fall |
DS |
20–25 baby 40–50 mature |
Very cold hardy, grow under row cover for harvest all winter (SC) |
| Radishes (Raphanus longipinnatus) |
| Miyashige Daikon |
Late summer |
DS |
55–65 |
From Japan, good raw, pickled or in stir-fry |
| Okhura Daikon |
Late summer |
DS |
70–80 |
Good keeper, traditional winter variety |
| Tokinashi Daikon (All Season) |
Early spring through mid-summer |
DS or TP |
55–65 |
From Japan, mild, long, good raw, in salads or pickled |
| Snow Peas (Pisum sativum) |
| Oregon Giant |
Early spring |
DS |
70–75 |
4–5 inch pod, sweet, resistant to pea wilt, fusarium wilt, pea enation mosaic virus (LC trellis) |
| Sugar Pod 2 |
Early spring |
TP start indoors 4 wks before |
60–70 |
Thick, juicy, edible pods 3-4 inches long, reliable in cool weather (LC trellis) |
| Soybean, Edamame (Glycine max) |
| Sayamusume |
Spring |
DS |
75–85 |
Bush bean, buttery, sweet, rich in protein, calcium, potassium, phytoestrogens, vitamins, harvest in green stage and boil 5 minutes |
| Sprouting Bean: (Vigna radiata) |
| Mung |
Spring |
DS |
90–130 |
Bush Bean, small green beans, soak beans and sprout, used in Asian cooking |
Click here for a printable PDF version of the above growing chart.
 Sesame Rice Vinegar Cucumber Salad
Ingredients
2 small Satsuki Madori or Suyo Long cucumbers
2 tablespoons low sodium soy sauce
¼ cup rice vinegar
1 tablespoon toasted sesame oil
1 teaspoon toasted sesame seeds
1/2 bunch fresh mint, leaves only
Shungiku Edible Chrysanthemum
sea salt
- Slice the cucumbers into thin rounds. Put them into a bowl and toss them with the soy sauce and rice vinegar, sesame oil, sesame seeds, mint leaves and salt, to taste.
- Serve slightly chilled. Garnish with fresh Chrysanthemum flowers or leaves from the small plants.
|
 Quick Spicy Kimchee
Ingredients
1 small head Market Pride cabbage, about 1 to 1 1/2 pounds
1/4 cup sea salt
1/2 cup rice vinegar
1 tablespoon honey
1 Purira Chile finely chopped
1-inch piece fresh ginger, grated
2 cloves Shantung purple garlic, finely chopped
2 scallions, finely sliced
- Remove outer leaves from cabbage. Cut cabbage in quarters and remove the inner core. Slice across sections into 1/2-inch slices. Put into a colander, add salt, and mix well. Place over a bowl and let drain, covered, until wilted, about 2 hours.
- In a large bowl combine the vinegar and sugar and stir to dissolve. Add the chili paste, ginger, garlic, and scallions and stir.
- Rinse the salt off the cabbage with a couple of changes of water. Dry well and add to the vinegar mixture; stir well to combine.
- Put into a sterilized glass jar and pack the cabbage down; add enough water to cover. Close the jar and refrigerate for at least 4 hours. This is spicy and gets spicier the longer it sits - add or subtract chili paste to your taste.
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There are many exciting ways to grow and eat these healthful Asian vegetables and these are just a few ideas to get you started. We hope this stimulates you to enjoy something new.
Enjoy!
Emily Skelton
Seed Cleaning and Quality Coordinator
Resources:
Coleman, Elliot. 1999. Four-Season Harvest. Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
www.cyber-kitchen.com for a pickled daikon recipe
Wikipedia entry on Linolenic acid
Fallon, Sally. 1999. Nourishing Traditions: The Cookbook that Challenges Politically Correct Nutrition and the Diet Dictocrats. New Trends.
www.foodnetwork.com recipe for Quick Spicy Kimchee
Chinese Vegetable fact sheet from Clemson University's Extension Service.
Umeboshi Plum information
McGee, Rose Marie Nichols & Maggie Stuckey. 2002. The Bountiful Container. New York: Workman Publishing.
www.pfaf.org/database/ extended information on Shiso
University of Maryland Alternative Medicine site
Photo captions: (1)Asian Vegetables poster (2)Tatsoi Spoon Mustard (3) Suyo Long Cucumber (4) Market Pride Chinese Cabbage (5) Miyashige Daikon Radish


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